See ernaid on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸarnati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸarnati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perh₃-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔπορον",
"t": "give, grant"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “give, grant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पृणाति",
"t": "grant, bestow",
"tr": "pṛṇā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पृणाति (pṛṇā́ti, “grant, bestow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "parō",
"t": "prepare"
},
"expansion": "Latin parō (“prepare”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ɸarnati, from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “give, grant”), Sanskrit पृणाति (pṛṇā́ti, “grant, bestow”), Latin parō (“prepare”).\nSeveral proposals have been made attempting to derive the perfect ro·ír from a reduplicated preterite *ɸeɸore. Many sound laws proposed to transform *ɸeɸore to ·ír run into a major counterexample in nïad (“of a nephew”, gen. sg. < *neɸotos, featuring the same *eɸo sequence) (identical with the gen. sg. Primitive Irish NIOTTA). Nikolaev (2010) more convincingly reconstructs *ɸīrat (3sg.), derived from a Narten-ablaut imperfect. On the other hand, Schumacher (2004) derives *ɸīr- from an innovative weak stem of the perfect *ɸeɸore.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rath",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-conj-simple",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "·ernad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ro·ír",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ronn·ír",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ro·ratha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ebarthi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ebarthir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "·ere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "·ǽra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "·erthar",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "·ertha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "·erthe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"noun-from-verb",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ernaid",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ernaid",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "{{{prot2}}}",
"11": "verbal noun",
"12": "rath",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{2}}}",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{conj}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{conj2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{prot}}}",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ernaid (verbal noun rath)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rath"
},
"expansion": "ernaid (verbal noun rath)",
"name": "sga-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"future_3s_abso": "ebarthi",
"future_3s_abso_q": "with suffixed pronoun <i class=\"Latn mention nowrap\" lang=\"sga\">-i</i>",
"future_class": "a",
"future_ps_abso": "ebarthir",
"imperfect_3s": "·ernad",
"pastsubj_2s": "·ertha",
"pastsubj_ps": "·erthe",
"pastsubj_ps_q": "attested as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro·erthe</i>, a <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro-</i>form",
"perfect_3s_deut": "ro·ír",
"perfect_3s_deut2": "ronn·ír",
"perfect_3s_deut2_q": "with infixed pronoun <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">n-</i>",
"perfect_pp_deut": "ro·ratha",
"present_class": "B IV",
"preterite_class": "suffixless",
"subjunctive_2s_conj": "·ere",
"subjunctive_2s_conj_q": "attested as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro·ere</i>, a <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro-</i>form",
"subjunctive_3s_conj": "·ǽra",
"subjunctive_3s_conj_q": "attested as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ra·ǽra</i>, a <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro-</i>form with infixed pronoun <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">a-</i>",
"subjunctive_class": "a",
"subjunctive_ps_conj": "·erthar",
"subjunctive_ps_conj_q": "attested as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro·erthar</i>, a <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro-</i>form",
"verbal_noun": "rath"
},
"name": "sga-conj-simple"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bestow, to grant"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ernaid-sga-verb-AorQBDn3",
"links": [
[
"bestow",
"bestow"
],
[
"grant",
"grant"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈer.n̪əðʲ/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈer.n̪ɪðʲ]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈer.n̪ɨðʲ]"
}
],
"word": "ernaid"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸarnati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸarnati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perh₃-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔπορον",
"t": "give, grant"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “give, grant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पृणाति",
"t": "grant, bestow",
"tr": "pṛṇā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पृणाति (pṛṇā́ti, “grant, bestow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "parō",
"t": "prepare"
},
"expansion": "Latin parō (“prepare”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ɸarnati, from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “give, grant”), Sanskrit पृणाति (pṛṇā́ti, “grant, bestow”), Latin parō (“prepare”).\nSeveral proposals have been made attempting to derive the perfect ro·ír from a reduplicated preterite *ɸeɸore. Many sound laws proposed to transform *ɸeɸore to ·ír run into a major counterexample in nïad (“of a nephew”, gen. sg. < *neɸotos, featuring the same *eɸo sequence) (identical with the gen. sg. Primitive Irish NIOTTA). Nikolaev (2010) more convincingly reconstructs *ɸīrat (3sg.), derived from a Narten-ablaut imperfect. On the other hand, Schumacher (2004) derives *ɸīr- from an innovative weak stem of the perfect *ɸeɸore.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rath",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-conj-simple",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "·ernad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ro·ír",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ronn·ír",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ro·ratha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ebarthi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ebarthir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "·ere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "·ǽra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "·erthar",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "·ertha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "·erthe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"noun-from-verb",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ernaid",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ernaid",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "{{{prot2}}}",
"11": "verbal noun",
"12": "rath",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{2}}}",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{conj}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{conj2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{prot}}}",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ernaid (verbal noun rath)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rath"
},
"expansion": "ernaid (verbal noun rath)",
"name": "sga-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"future_3s_abso": "ebarthi",
"future_3s_abso_q": "with suffixed pronoun <i class=\"Latn mention nowrap\" lang=\"sga\">-i</i>",
"future_class": "a",
"future_ps_abso": "ebarthir",
"imperfect_3s": "·ernad",
"pastsubj_2s": "·ertha",
"pastsubj_ps": "·erthe",
"pastsubj_ps_q": "attested as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro·erthe</i>, a <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro-</i>form",
"perfect_3s_deut": "ro·ír",
"perfect_3s_deut2": "ronn·ír",
"perfect_3s_deut2_q": "with infixed pronoun <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">n-</i>",
"perfect_pp_deut": "ro·ratha",
"present_class": "B IV",
"preterite_class": "suffixless",
"subjunctive_2s_conj": "·ere",
"subjunctive_2s_conj_q": "attested as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro·ere</i>, a <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro-</i>form",
"subjunctive_3s_conj": "·ǽra",
"subjunctive_3s_conj_q": "attested as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ra·ǽra</i>, a <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro-</i>form with infixed pronoun <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">a-</i>",
"subjunctive_class": "a",
"subjunctive_ps_conj": "·erthar",
"subjunctive_ps_conj_q": "attested as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro·erthar</i>, a <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">ro-</i>form",
"verbal_noun": "rath"
},
"name": "sga-conj-simple"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish a future verbs",
"Old Irish a subjunctive verbs",
"Old Irish class B IV present verbs",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish simple verbs",
"Old Irish suffixless preterite verbs",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *perh₃-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Irish verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"to bestow, to grant"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"bestow",
"bestow"
],
[
"grant",
"grant"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈer.n̪əðʲ/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈer.n̪ɪðʲ]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈer.n̪ɨðʲ]"
}
],
"word": "ernaid"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ernaid meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, ernaid/Old Irish",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'abs.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'conj.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'rel.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'imperfect indicative'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'abs.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'conj.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'rel.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'deut.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'prot.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'abs.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'conj.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'rel.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'abs.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'conj.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'rel.'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'verbal of necessity'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ernaid/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"ernaid"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ernaid",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.